Artificial intelligence | How to define the relevance of artificial intelligence? | artificial intelligence examples | Artificial intelligence: unbeatable checkers Chinook

Artificial intelligence

The emerging technology of artificial intelligence, or AI, crosses several techniques simulating human cognitive processes. Existing since the 60s, research has recently developed for the purpose of multiplying applications: autonomous cars, medical diagnostics, personal assistants, algorithmic finance, industrial robots, video games ... The explosion of the computing power of machines changed the AI, within the 2010s, from classic science fiction to an increasingly closer reality, which has become a major scientific issue. Deep-learning, neural network algorithms or quantum computers: so many hopes for transhumanists, so many fears for several personalities from the high-tech world - including Stephen hawking, bill gates or Elon Musk - who indicate the ethical risks of AI made too autonomous or aware, and also the fragile benefit-risk balance on employment.

Consciousness, feelings, and reasoning typical of humanity don't seem to be yet within the reach of computer science ... for now.

How to define the relevance of artificial intelligence?

Artificial intelligence (AI), more and more present in our world, allows machines to imitate a real form of intelligence. But how do you define it?

The artificial intelligence is correlated with machine learning. It is found in a growing number of fields of application.

The intelligence artificial (AI, or AI in English for  Artificial Intelligence ) is to implement a number of techniques to enable machines to mimic a form of real intelligence. AI finds itself implemented in a growing number of fields of application.

The concept was born in the 1950s thanks to the mathematician Alan Turing. In his book  Computing Machinery and Intelligence, the latter raises the question of providing machines with a form of intelligence. He then describes a test today known as the “Turing Test” in which a subject interacts blindly with another human, then with a machine programmed to formulate sensible responses. If the subject is unable to tell the difference, then the machine has passed the test and, according to the author, can truly be considered "intelligent".

From Google to Microsoft via Apple, IBM or Facebook, all the big companies in the IT world are currently working on the problems of artificial intelligence. by trying to apply it to a few specific areas. artificial neurons made up of servers and used to process heavy calculations within gigantic databases.

Artificial intelligence examples

some examples of use

The artificial vision, for example, allows the machine to accurately determine the content of an image and then automatically classified according to the object, the color or spotted face.

The algorithms are able to optimize their calculations as they perform processing. This is how spam filters become more and more effective as the user identifies an unwanted message or, on the contrary, treats false positives.

The voice recognition has the wind in its sails with virtual assistants able to transcribe the words formulated in natural language and then process the requests or responding directly via speech synthesis, either with an instant translation or by making a request relating to the order.

Artificial intelligence, an infinite potential

As this work progresses, artificial intelligence goes from a simple generic sculpin to an automatic fund management system in finance, a diagnostic aid in medicine, a risk assessment in the field of bank loans or insurance or a decision-making ally in the military field.

While in 2015 the artificial intelligence market weighed $ 200 million, it is estimated that in 2025, it will amount to almost $ 90 billion.

Artificial intelligence: unbeatable checkers Chinook

Canadian scientists have developed an impossible-to-beat computer program for checkers, a variation of checkers. A tremendous advance in the field of artificial intelligence.

Jonathan Schaeffer, holder of the chair of computer science at the University of Alberta (Canada), helped by other computer scientists of this establishment, have worked hard for 18 years to program some 500 billion billions of possible combinations in the game checkers, a variant of the game of checkers played on a checkerboard of eight squares out of eight.

And the result is there: Chinook, since it's the name of the software, turns out to be impossible to beat. At worst, it will lead a game to a dead-end leading to nullity, and confronted with another computer using the same program, will only produce zero games.

" We have raised the bar at several levels in what can be done in terms of computer technology and artificial intelligence,"  says Jonathan Schaeffer, who admits to himself a poor player. Jaap van den Herik, an editor of the  International Computer Games Journal, is full of praise when he calls this achievement "a real advance in the field of artificial intelligence ".

To develop its program, Schaeffer has mobilized around 50 computers daily since 1989, sometimes up to 200 at critical moments, and has called upon several professional players.

Originally, Chinook was developed to participate in the Ladies World Championship. Losing in the final in 1992, he won it two years later, becoming the first software to obtain a world title in a competitive game. But then believing that new generation computers should make it possible to create a foolproof program, Schaeffer went back to work in 2001 to arrive at the current result.

Schaeffer does not intend to stop there. Passionate about poker, he should face two professional players with his Polaris software on July 24 and 25 in Vancouver (Canada), during the annual conference of the organization for the promotion of artificial intelligence.

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What is artificial intelligence? | THE BASIC OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE | ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE | APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE